Actualización sobre deficiencias nutricionales en la mujer deportista a partir de la literatura científica / Update on nutritional deficiencies in women athletes from the scientific literature

Los déficits nutricionales en la mujer deportista causan numerosos problemas de salud, así como un empeoramiento en el rendimiento deportivo, como consecuencia de estas deficiencias nutricionales. El conocimiento de estos déficits y su prevención deben ser un aspecto principal para cualquier responsable deportivo. Establecer la importancia del estudio de los déficits de energía, proteínas, minerales (Fe, Ca y Mg) y vitaminas (Vitamina D, ácido fólico y vitamina B12) que pueden desarrollar las mujeres deportistas y su relación con la prevalencia de la tríada femenina y constatar la importancia del conocimiento por parte de los responsables deportivos de los problemas derivados de los déficits nutricionales. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica de artículos, entre 2013-2020, relevantes para el objetivo de estudio. Se usaron bases de datos científicas como PubMed y Pennutrition, siguiendo los criterios de exclusión e inclusión elegidos para este estudio. 51 artículos fueron encontrados. Los resultados mostraron la prevalencia de energía, Fe, vitamina D y Ca, así como un suficiente aporte proteico, faltan estudios para determinar los niveles de vitamina B12 y ácido fólico. Se observó, además la prevalencia de mujeres que cumplen con uno o varios factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de la tríada de la deportistas femenina. Es imprescindible la prevención o, el tratamiento, de los déficits nutricionales en las mujeres deportistas para asegurar un correcto estado de salud y un rendimiento deportivo óptimo(AU)

Nutritional deficiencies in women athletes cause numerous health problems, as well as a worsening of sports performance, as a result of these nutritional deficiencies. Awareness of these deficiencies and their prevention should be a major aspect for any sports manager. The aim of the study was to establish the importance of studying the deficits of energy, protein, minerals (Fe, Ca and Mg) and vitamins (Vitamin D, folic acid and vitamin B12) that can be developed by female athletes and their relationship with the prevalence of the female triad and to establish the importance of knowledge by sports managers of the problems arising from nutritional deficiencies. 51 papers were found. A bibliographic search of relevant articles for the study objective was carried out (2013-2020). Scientific databases such as PubMed and Pennutrition were used, following the exclusion and inclusion criteria chosen for this study. The results showed the prevalence of energy, Fe, vitamin D and Ca, as well as sufficient protein intake and a lack of studies to determine the levels of vitamin B12 and folic acid. In addition, the prevalence of women meeting one or more risk factors for the development of the female sports triad was observed. It is essential the prevention or, treatment, of nutritional deficits in female athletes to ensure proper health status and optimal sports performance(AU)

Effects of sports training & nutrition on bone mineral density in young Indian healthy females.

Background & objectives: Peak bone mass, a major determinant of osteoporosis is influenced by genetic, nutritional, lifestyle and hormonal factors. This study was designed to evaluate the impact of sports training on dietary intake and bone mineral and metabolic parameters in young healthy Indian females. Methods: Healthy female college going students (N=186, sportswomen, 90; controls 96) in the age group of 18-21 yr, residing in New Delhi (India) were evaluated for anthropometry, biochemistry (serum total and ionic calcium, phosphorus, total alkaline phosphatase, 25-hydroxyvitamin D & parathyroid hormone), diet, physical activity and lifestyle. Bone mineral density (BMD) at hip, forearm and lumbar spine were studied using central DXA. Results: Sports related physical activity (3 vs. 0 h/day, P<0.001) and direct sunlight exposure (120 vs. 30 min/day, P<0.001) were significantly higher in sportswomen than in controls with sedentary lifestyle. Significantly higher intake of all macronutrients (energy, protein, carbohydrates and fat) and dietary calcium was noted in the diets of sportswomen. Mean serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly higher (53.0±18.9 vs. 12.9±7.7 nmol/l; P<0.001) while PTH (35.3±17.6 vs. 51.7±44.9 pg/ml; P<0.001) and ALP levels (194.0±51.0 vs. 222.1±51.4 IU/l; P<0.001) were significantly lower in sportswomen when compared to controls. No significant difference was found in ionized calcium and inorganic phosphorus in the two groups. Significantly higher (P<0.001) total BMD and BMD at all sites except femur neck were found in sportswomen than controls (P<0.001). Interpretation & conclusions: Physical activity, optimal nutrition and adequate sun exposure are vital for attaining peak bone mass.

The influence of exercise and nutrition on the bone mineral density in sportswomen / 体力科学

Recently, interest has been forcused on the increasing incidence of bone fracture due to low bone mineral density (BMD) in some sportswomen. Therefore the present study attempted to elucidate important factors associated with an increase or decrease of BMD in sportswomen.<BR>The results obtained were as follows;<BR>(1) Ball games appeared to be the most desirable main sports. Also it appeared necessary to increase lean body mass (weight) by maintaining a higher activity of daily living (ADL) index.<BR>(2) There were no clear nutritional factors that had a beneficial influence for increasing the BMD.<BR>These results suggest that sufficient exercise, at least, is necessary in order to increase BMD.